Shakhty is the largest industrial and cultural centre
of Rostov region. The 2nd city in the region in area, third in
population after
Rostov-on-don, Taganrog, Novocherkassk. The city is located in the
South-Western part of the region, in the South-Eastern slopes of the
Donetsk
ridge. The total area of the city is 158,3 thousand km Population 236,7
thousand.
The city began in 1805 with the first settlements–
hamlets Vlasivka, Popovka, Maksymivka. In 1807 he was registered as a
settlement near the river Grushevka Khutor Popovskiy, named after its
founder –
Cossack Popov, who is one of the first to organize here the production
of coal.
In 1839 formed Grushevsky mine and
Posad, in common – Grushevka. In the 2nd half of the 19th century from
the
Central provinces rushed a lot of peasants on temporary work in the
mountain
mines, many remained in permanent residence. Their right to a
settlement was
secured on 3 October 1867, when the Mountain Hrushevsky, the settlement
received
the status of "mountain city with all rights assigned to the towns at
all." 3 January 1883, the settlement was transformed into the city
Aleksandrovsk-Grushevskii, which name included not only the name of the
place
where it was founded, but the name of Emperor Alexander II in memory of
his
recent tragic death at the hands of terrorists on March 1, 1881, and by
decrees
and laws which began to develop mining on the don.
Until 1917 in the town of Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky
worked 157 commercial enterprises, 65 mines, 12 factories, the city's
population of 40 thousand people.
The first spontaneous strikes of miners date back to
1879, then the city has always been one of the centers of revolutionary
action.
May 1, 1903, was held the first major gathering of miners. 25 Oct 1905
for the
first time the miners Aleksandrovsk-Grushevsky held a strike. In the
last year
before the revolution in our city's population was 51.6 thousand people
worked
in 2 hospital, the city almshouse, a library, 3 theater and 1 summer
cinema, 10
churches, city garden. As across Russia, in the city in 1917 started a
big
strikes and rallies. Formed a diarchy. After the occupation by the red
guards
of the city and in 1918 he organized local Councils. However, in the
course of
the entire year was a struggle for mines. 5 times Cossack army under
the
command of General Popov was advancing on the city and each time it was
repulsed by detachments of miners. But on 11 may, the city was taken
and all
1919 Alexandrovsk-Grushevsky was white, administratively it belonged to
the
Cossack troops proclaimed the independent state of vseveliky army of
Donskoy. 5
Jan 1919, of the cavalry brigade of the red Army Dmitry Redneck
liberated the
city from the white Cossack army was formed the Military revolutionary
Committee headed by H. P. Chernokozov.
11 Feb 1920 Resolution Donetsk provincial
revolutionary Committee of Alexandrovsk-Grushevsky became a city of
Mine. Until
the end of 1924, were in the Donetsk province of the Ukrainian
Republic. By the
end of 1924, the city of Mines was transferred to the North Caucasus
region. In
1926, until 1930, the city is part of the South-Eastern region of the
RSFSR and
head of the Shakhty-Donetsk district.
In 1928 one of the first in the USSR repressive deeds
"Shakhty affair" began in the city of Shakhty. Officially called
"economic counter-revolution in the Donbas." Accidents often occur in
the mines of the trust "Donugol", was presented as a result of the
activities of an illegal counter-revolutionary wrecking organization,
consisting
of the old (pre-revolutionary) technical specialists. The results of
the
investigation of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation in
2000, all
convicted in the case was exonerated for lack of evidence.
In the period of socialist construction, the town the
Mine was one of the most developing cities in the South of the USSR. In
1937,
the city became part of the Rostov region. The entire 20th century for
the city
of Mines was marked by a valiant miners that brought them worldwide
fame. Many
countries have received extracted in the Mines the coal.
The period of the great Patriotic war. July 22, 1942
the city was abandoned by Soviet troops. At dawn on 24 July 1942 the
Nazis
captured the city. Started 206 days of the Nazi occupation. Before the
occupation of the city by German invaders, was organized Shakhty
underground,
the head of which became the party organizer of the Central Committee
of the
CPSU(b) mine them. Thieves T. S. Frost. Shot on 16 September. 5 Oct
grabbed
Ivan Klimenko, who headed the guerrilla movement in the city. On 10
December
the house was captured and arrested by the Gestapo Olga Meshkova –
connected
underground. Two cities in the USSR survived the tragedy of mass
shootings and
the reset shaft: Krasnodon and Shakhty. February 12, 1943 the city was
liberated. 31 Lahtinen became a Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1946,
already
restored almost all mines in the city.
In 1954, 6 of January, the Presidium of the Supreme
Soviet of the RSFSR approved the creation of 5 new areas, among them
the
Kamenka region. 27 August 1955, the regional center of the Kamenskaya
region is
the city of Mine. In 1957, Kamenskaya oblast abolished. The town of
Shakhty
became part of the Rostov region. The city has 15 mines, 38
enterprises, has a
population of 196 thousand people.
In the period
from 50-ies to the 90-th year was opened and built many new
enterprises:
Shakhty molkombinat, State Shoe factory, Cotton mill, plant
"Gidroprivod"; cultural and educational centers: Museum of local
lore, the area 40 years of Victory sports Palace, the cinema
"Aurora", etc. Among residents of the Mine - 17 Heroes of Socialist
Labor, 47 Honorary citizens of the city. In the period of early market
economy
in the country in the city of Mines have been modernized previously
built
businesses, eliminated unprofitable production, created a new one. In
2016, the
city has 42 large and medium-sized enterprises. In many regions of
Russia you
can find products Shakhty companies: "Stroyfarfor", "Don",
"Gloria jeans", "Shakhty bakery", "Rostov
electro-metallurgical plant", "Ayutinskiy bread",
"tehmash"and others.
City Mine, famous for its Olympic Champions: 9 Olympic
Champions (V. I. Alekseev, D. A. Rigert, M. V. Logvinenko, V. N.
Tregubov, R.
V. Plyukfelder, A. I. Vahonin, N. A. Kolesnikov, L. A. Kondratiev, A.
A.
Silnov) and 1 Paralympic champion (A. A. Nevolin-Lights). For
outstanding
achievements Shakhty athletes at the Olympic games, European and world
competitions city Mine, was listed in the Guinness Book of world
records for
the number of Olympic Champions per capital.
In 2011, formed by a selection from the Rostov and
Novocherkassk diocese Shakhtinskaya Diocese. In 1997 began the
restoration of
the Cathedral of the Holy virgin, Orthodox Church, built at the turn of
XIX–XX
centuries, closed in the early 1930-ies, now fully restored and is a
functioning Cathedral Aleksandrovsk-Grushevskii deanery of Shakhty and
Millerovo diocese of Donskoy the Archdiocese. In 2016, the city has 18
Orthodox
churches.
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